Question

1. When the term parenteral is used in regards to drug administration, this applies to drugs administered _____ (choose all that apply). Select one or more:

a. intravenously

b. orally

c. intramuscularly

d. topically

2. Protein synthesis occurs in all living cells. Why, then, are some antimicrobial drugs that target protein synthesis selectively toxic to bacteria? Select one:

a. The protein synthesis in human cells occurs less frequently than that in bacterial cells.

b. The ribosomes found in human cells and those found in bacterial cells have different structures.

c. Protein synthesis in bacteria is completed by ribosomes, while protein synthesis in humans is completed by polymerase enzymes.

d. The protein synthesis in human cells will only occur inside the nucleus.

3. Why are polymyxins like Neosporin typically only used topically? Select one:

a. they do not have a broad-spectrum of action

b. they are rapidly metabolized by the host

c. they are toxic to the membrane of kidney and nerve cells

d. they would cause too much harm to the normal microbiota

4. What is the mode of action of sulfonamides? Select one:

a. inhibition of cell wall synthesis

b. disruption of membrane structure

c. inhibition of protein synthesis

d. disruption of folic acid synthesis

5. Why is drug discovery and design for treatment of fungi more difficult than that for bacteria? Select one:

a. fungi are heterotrophic

b. fungi do not contain cell walls

c. fungi are eukaryotic

d. fungi are multicellular

6. What is the mode of action of most antifungal drugs? Select one:

a. inhibition of folic acid precursor synthesis

b. disruption of membranes

c. inhibition of RNA synthesis

d. inhibition of protein synthesis

e. destruction of chitin

7. Which of the following is not a characteristic of viruses that makes them difficult for drug development? Select one:

a. They are smaller than the host cells.

b. They have a very simple structure.

c. They use the host's machinery for replication.

8. Which of the following does NOT describe a mechanism for drug resistance? Select one:

a. Changes in the structure of the drug's target

b. Prevention of drug entry into the cell

c. Inactivation of the drug by hydrolysis

d. Creation of new plasmids upon drug treatment

e. Production of proteins that bind and sequester the drug

9. Which of the following would not be a potential side effect of standard antimicrobial drugs?

Select one:

a. inhibition of host protein synthesis

b. damage to the host's kidneys

c. disruption of the host's normal microbiota

d. allergic reactions in the host

Answer 1

1: a. intravenously c. intramuscularly

Parenteral drugs are the one that are given by route other than gastrointestinal tract. It includes: intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous.
2: b. The ribosomes found in human cells and those found in bacterial cells have different structures.

Bacterial ribosomes are of 70S type while the human ribosomes are of 80S type.