Question

Describe the morphological and anatomical differences between sporophytes of Marchantia and

a typical moss and discuss the evolutionary trends shown by these structures.

Answer should be between 2 to 5 sentences

Answer 1

Answer:

A) MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SPOROPHYTE (MARCHANTIA) AND MOSS:-

1. Marchantia (Liverworts)
   • The stems are leaf-like and in a lobular form. They are non-vascular without presence of any circulatory system. This indicates either thallose or foliose.
   • They have root like structures called rhizoids which are unicellular. These are located on the ventral surface of the thallus that is the plant body.
   • Division Marchantiophyta.(commonly referred to as Liverworts)
   • The body structure of the plant is Dorsiventral.
   • Leaves usually lack midrib.
   • The protonema stage that forms the earliest stage of development is absent.
   • Sex organs develop from the superficial cells and are present on dorsal surface of thallus.
   • In most cases except Riccia, elaters are present associated with capsule however the wall of capsule lacks chlorophyll.
   • Dehiscence of capsule is irregular.
   • Examples include Marchantia, etc.
2. Moss
   • The stems are leafy and gametophyte is foliose. They are non-vascular.
   • Rhizoids are multicellular and branched.
   • Division Bryophyta.
   • Plant body shows radial symmetry.
   • Leaves shows presence of midrib.
   • Filamentous protonema stage is seen.
   • Sex organs develop from superficial cells and are located at the apex of the gametophyte.
   • Elaters are absent. Chlorophyll is present in capsule wall.
   • Dehiscence is regular.
   • Examples include Funaria.

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