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You have conducted a case-control study to determine the association between exposure to lead and development...

You have conducted a case-control study to determine the association between exposure to lead and development of cognitive disorders. Exposure data were collected from measuring blood samples and outcomes data from medical records. Participants were randomly selected to be included into the study. The investigator who obtained the exposures and outcomes data was blinded to the outcome status of the participant. In your study, you find an OR of 1.01. However, the actual association between exposure to lead and cognitive disorders is OR 2.1. Which of the following errors or bias is likely to have occurred here?

Select one:

Non-differential measurement error.

Alpha error

Type I sampling error

Type II sampling error

Inter-observer bias

math   Statistics-And-Probability   
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