What is the main function of the sodium potassium pump in the neuron? a. Establish concentration...
What is the main function of the sodium potassium pump in the neuron?
a. Establish concentration gradients for sodium and potassium ions.
b. Depolarize the membrane to threshold.
c. Make the inside of the cell more negative than the outside.
d. Make the inside of the cell more positive than the outside.
e. Pump ions down their concentration gradients during an action potential.
A patient of yours has been poisoned by a toxin which prevents fast repolarization of the membrane during an action potential. What channels are most likely being affected?
a. Voltage-gated sodium channels
b. Ligand-gated potassium channels
c. Ligand-gated sodium channels
d. Voltage-gated potassium channels
Homework Answers
Ans: Correct option (a) Establish concentration gradients for sodium and potassium ions.
Explanation: The sodium-potassium pump is present in the cell membrane. It pumps 3 sodium ions outside the cell and 2 potassium ions inside the cell thus more sodium ions are present outside the cell than inside the cell (more potassium inside the cell than outside the cell ).
In this way, the inside of the cell becomes more negative inside than outside. Thus resting membrane potential is maintained.
Incorrect options:
(b) Depolarize the membrane to threshold
Explanation: Depolarization of the membrane is done by the sodium ion channel and it's not the function of the sodium-potassium pump. The opening of the ligand-gated sodium channel causes the influx of the sodium ions and the membrane will become less negative which is called the depolarization of the membrane.
(c) Make the inside of the cell more negative than the outside
Explanation: At first the sodium-potassium pump establishes the concentration gradient, as a result, the cell becomes more negative inside as compared to the outside.
(d) Make the inside of the cell more positive than the outside
Explanation: The Sodium potassium pump makes the cell more negative (not positive) inside.
(e) Pump ions down their concentration gradients during an action potential
Explanation: Action potential is generated by the voltage-gated Na+ ion channel and not by the sodium-potassium pump.
Ans Correct option: Voltage-gated potassium channels
Explanation: During the depolarization voltage-gated sodium ion channels are open and sodium ions move inside the cell. The opening of the voltage-gated potassium channel causes the outflow of the potassium ions and causes repolarization.
Incorrect options: (a) Voltage-gated sodium channels
Explanation: These channels cause the depolarization and not the repolarization of the membrane.
(b) Ligand-gated potassium channels
Explanation: The channels responsible for the repolarization are voltage-gated potassium channels and not the ligand-gated potassium channels.
(c) Ligand-gated sodium channels
Explanation: These channels are present at the postsynaptic membrane and open in response to the neurotransmitters.
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