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Can someone please help me with these questions? Please and thank you in advance. 1. Briefly...

Can someone please help me with these questions? Please and thank you in advance.

1. Briefly describe one way that cells used reduced cofactors (NADH, NADPH) produced by central metabolism.

2. Contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration for chemoorganotrophs that can use glucose as electron donor. Comment on type of electron acceptor and energy/ATP yield.

3. Explain the biosynthetic and energy-producing functions of intermediates from the citric acid cycle.

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Answer 1:

NADH and NADPH are cofactors that carry high-energy electrons and hydrogen atoms. These molecules participate in oxidation-reduction reactions in cells.

NADPH participates in biosynthetic (anabolic reactions) reactions and coupled with energetically unfavorable reactions by providing high-energy electrons that needed to synthesize energy-rich biological molecules. many enzymes in the cytosol synthesize large biomolecules using NADPH.

NADH, play an important role as an intermediate in the catabolic (breakdown of molecules) reactions that generate ATP. Mitochondria use NADH during oxidative phosphorylation. Anaerobic utilization of pyruvate.

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