Question

11.  During early development, high levels of testosterone cause the __________ to become __________ in males than it will become in females--not subjected to elevated levels of testosterone:

a.  lateral hypothalamus/smaller.

b.  medial preoptic area/larger.

c.  ventromedial area/smaller.

d.  medial preoptic area/smaller.

12.  In response to the ingestion of large amounts of water and the potential loss of sodium as the body attempts to maintain homeostasis, the __________ secretes __________ which functions to __________:

a.  anterior pituitary gland: vasopressin: conserve water.

b.  thyroid gland: thyroxin: conserve energy.

c.  pineal gland: melatonin: conserve serotonin.

d.  adrenal gland: aldosterone: conserve sodium.  

13. Homeothermscontrol their temperature primarily through __________, while

poikilothermscontrol their temperatures primarily through __________:

a.  increasing activity/decreasing inactivity.

b.  isothermal exchange systems/counter current exchange systems.

c.  peripheral circulatory system regulation/central circulatory system regulation.

d.  physiological mechanisms/behavioral mechanisms.  

14.  The hormone associated with the maintenance of the placental lining during pregnancy in     mammals is __________:

a.  progesterone.

b.  prolactin.

c.  oxytocin.

d.  androstenedione.

e.  aldosterone.

15.  The large pseudopenis of the adult female spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) is derived from the same tissue as is the __________, and develops differently because of embryonic   exposure to __________:  

a. mammary glands; estrogen.

b. clitoris; testosterone.          

c. adrenal glands; adrenalim.

d. testes; progesterone.

16.  The maintenance of physiological parameters near equilibrium, close to a set-point, and within a specific narrow range of physiological values is termed __________ or

__________:

a.  homeothermy or poikilothermy.

b.  homeostasis or allostasis.

c.  homeometric thermionics or psychometric stability.

d.  homeopathy or homozygosity.

17.  The two primary effects of hormones are __________, which occur early in development and exhibit long lasting effects, and __________, which usually occur during later stages         of development and which typically persist only while hormone levels remain elevated in the circulatory system:

a.  organizational/activational.

b.  activational/organizational.

c.  embryonic/adolescent.

d.  ontogenetic/maturational.

18.  In general, the manner in which hormones function is most similar to the manner in which    __________ function:

a. ribonucleic acids.

b.  neurotransmitters.

c.  carbohydrates.

d.  phospholipids.

e.  cocktails.

19.  A rapid rise in the release ofleuteinizing hormoneby the anterior pituitary results in a correspondingly large peak in the release ofestrogenby the ovaries, a relationship which            continues in a reciprocal manner until there is a surge in the release ofLH. This is an example of __________:  

a.  negative feedback.

b.  homeothermy.

c.  homeostasis.

d.  positive feedback.

20.  In the brain, osmotic water balance is primarily regulated in the __________, while volumetric conditions are primarily regulated in the __________:  

a.  ventromedial hypothalamus/lateral preoptic area.

b.  organumvasculosum laminae terminalis/subfornical organ.

c.  ventromedial hypothalamus/lateral hypothalamus.

d.  anterior pituitary gland/posterior pituitary.

Answer 1

11.

During early development high levels of testosterone cause the Medial preoptic area to become Larger in males than it will become in females- not subjected to elevated levels of testoterone.

*This is related to sexually dimorphic nucleus a collection of cells in medial preoptic area of hypothalamus. The volume of sexually dimorphic nucleus is increased by testosterone in males during early development.

Medial preoptic area

Larger

option b is the correct answer.

12.

In reponse to ingestion of large amount of water and the potential loss of sodium as the body attempts to maintain homeostasis , the adrenal gland secretes aldosterone which functions to conserve sodium.

* Aldosterone is a steroid hormone secreted by zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex. It is involved in conservation of sodium, increased water retension..

Adrenal gland

Aldosterone

Conserve sodium

Option c is the correct answer.

13.

Homeotherms control their temperature primarily through Physiological mechanisms , while poikilotherms control their temperatures primarily through Behavioural means.

. Physiological means

. Behavioural means

14.
The hormone associated with the maintenance of placental lining during pregnancy in mammals is Progesterone.

* Progesterone support the lining of uterus/ womb. It is a steroid hormone, make the placental environment suitable for the foetus.

Progesterone is the answer

Option a is the correct answer.

15.

The large pseudopenis of the adult female spotted hyena is derived from same tissue as in the Cland develops differently because of the embryonic exposure to Testosterone

Cl

Testosterone

16.

The maintenance of physiological parameters near equilibrium , close to a set point and within a specific narrow range of physiological values is termed as Homeostasis or allostasis.

Homeostasis or allostasis

17.

The two primary effects of hormones are Organizational, which occur early in development and exhibit long lasting effects and Activational , which usually occur during latewr stages of development and typically persist only while hormone level remain elevated in the circulatory system.

Organizational

Activational

18.

In general, the manner in which hormones function is most similar to the manner in which Neurotransmitters function.

Neurotransmitters

19.

A rapid rise in the release of ofleuteinizing hormone by anterior pituitary result in acorrespondingly large peak in the release of estrogen by the ovaries, a relationship which continues in a reciprocal manner until there is a surge in the release of LH. This is an example of Positive feedback

positive feedback

20.

In the brain osmotic water balance is primarily regulated in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus, while volumetric conditions are primarily regulated in the Lateral Hypothalamus

Ventromedial hypothalamus

lateral hypothalamus