Question

What muscles make up the hip flexor muscle group, hip extensor muscle group, hip adduction muscle group, hip abduction muscle group?

What muscles make up the hamstring muscle group? Quadriceps muscle group?

Answer 1

Hip flexor muscles-

The hip flexor muscles flex the hip during swing. They initiate swing when walking at slow speeds. Following are the hip flexor muscles-

(i). Rectus femoris muscle- it has two distinct heads originally- direct and reflected which originiate at anterior inferior iliac spine and anterior acetabular rim respectively. Insertion is at the base of patella to form more central portion of central quadriceps femoris tendon. Nerve supply is femoral nerve.

(ii). Iliacus- it is a small muscle which originates at iliac fossa and inserts on femoral lesser trochanter. It is innervated by femoral nerve.

(iii). Psoas major- it originates at transverse processes of T12-L4 and lateral aspects of discs between them. It inserts at lesser trochanter of femur. The nerve supply is by the lumber plexus

(iv). sartorius- it originates from anterior superior iliac spine and inserts at upper medial surface of shaft of tibia. It is innervated by femoral nerve.

(v). Pectinius- originates at pectinial line of public bone and inserts at pectinial line of femur. Nerve supply is femoral nerve.

(vi).Adductor Longus

(vii). Adductor brevis

(viii).gracilis

(ix) tensor fascia latae

(X) anterior aspect of gluteus medius and gluteus minimus also assists in flexion

Extensors of hip-

(I). Gluteus maximus- originates at gluteal surface of ilium, lumbar fascia, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament. Insertion is at gluteal tuberitube and iliotibial tract.

(ii). Semitendinosus- originates at tuberisitu of ischium and inserts at tibia. Nerve supply is sciatic nerve.

(iii). Semimembranosus- originiates at ischial tuberosity and inserts at medial condyle of tibia. Nerve supply is tibial part of schiatic nerve.

(iv).long head of biceps femoris- originates at superior ramus of ischium and inserts at head of fibula. Nerve supply is tibial nerve.

(v).extensor head of adductor magnus- originates at pubis, tuberosity of ischium. It inserts at linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur and nerve supply is obturator nerve.

Adductors of hip-

(I). Adductor Longus- it originates at front side of public bone under pubic tubercle and inserts at linea aspera. Nerve supply is obturator nerve.

(ii). Adductor brevis- it originates at inferior pubic ramus and inserts at medial ridge of linea aspera. The nerve supply is obturator nerve.

(iii) Adductor magnus- it originates at inferior pubic ramus and ischial tuberosity and inserts at linea aspera and adductor tubercle and nerve supply is tibial nerve and obturator nerve.

(iv).Adductor minimus- it originates at inferior pubic ramus and inserts at medial ridge of linea aspera nad nerve supply is obturator nerve.

(v). Pectinius- it originates from pectineal line of pubis and inserts at pectinial line of femur and nerve supply is femoral nerve and sometimes obturator nerve.

(vi). Gracilis- it originates from ischiopubic ramus and inserts at pes anserinus of tibia and nerve supply is anterior branch of obturator nerve.

(vii). Obturator externus- it originates from lateral surface of obturator membrane and ischiopubic ramus and inserts at trochantric fossa and nerve supply is posterior branch of obturator nerve.

Abductors of hip-

(I). Gluteus medius - it originates at anterior gluteal surface of ilium , between iliac crest and posterior gluteal line above and anterior gluteal line below, gluteal aponeurosis and inserts at gluteal tuberosity of femur. The nerve supply is superior gluteal nerve.

(ii). Gluteus minimus- origin is outer surface of ilium between middle and inferior gluteal lines and inserts at greater trochanter of femur. The nerve supply is superior gluteal nerve.

odi). Tensor fasciae latae- origin is outer surface of anterior iliac crest and insertion is illiotibial tract. Nerve supply is superior gluteal nerve.

Hamstring muscles-

These are 4 group of muscles at the back of thigh which flex the knee joint and extends the hip. The muscles are semitendinosus, semimembranosus, long and short head of biceps femoris.

Quadriceps group of muscles-

There are 4 muscles which are rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and vastus intermedius. Their function is knee extension and hip flexion. The nerve supply of all of these muscles is femoral nerve.