9. Describe the role of transcription factors in gene expression and explain how transcription factors can...
9. Describe the role of transcription factors in gene expression and explain how transcription factors can allow cells to be different from each other.
Homework Answers
The role of transcription factors in the gene expression is to bind to specific sequences of DNA (usually a promoter) and control the conversion of DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA) by either activating or repressing the transcription. They help in determining which gene is active in each cell. Transcription factors allow cells to be different from each other by activating or repressing a gene in a particular type of cell or body part and plays an important role in cell growth and function. A kidney cell is different from the liver cell because of differences in the genes each cell expresses. Likewise, cancer cells express different genes than normal cells and differ from it, in such cases transcription factors either activate or repress the gene in each of these cells.
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9. Describe the role of transcription factors in gene expression
and explain how transcription factors can...
In eukaryotic cells, there are specific transcription factors (activators) that regulate gene expression. Describe the organization...
In eukaryotic cells, there are specific transcription factors (activators) that regulate gene expression. Describe the organization of eukaryotic genes (i.e. promoters/enhancers) and how transcription factors are able to control gene expression and enzyme activity. a) Throughout the course we discussed the enzyme lactase and how it is differently regulated (and therefore expressed) in different human populations. Describe how this gene is differently expressed in different populations and when this/these change(s) are predicted to have taken place. b) Differential gene expression...
How do transcription factors affect gene expression? a.) They are molecules that can turn genes on...
How do transcription factors affect gene expression? a.) They are molecules that can turn genes on or off. b.) They are mRNAs that contain extra information that is not part of the DNA genome. c.)They modify the chromosome structure to create mutations. d.) They are signals that tell cells whether to divide or not.
Last week we discussed the role of general transcription factors in forming the transcription initiation complex...
Last week we discussed the role of general transcription factors in forming the transcription initiation complex in eukaryotes. Next week we will look more closely at the regulation of gene expression and the role played by specific transcription factors. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes utilize very different mechanisms for determining which genes are turned on and off and when. In lieu of the prokaryotic operon model, eukaryotes employ a combinatorics approach utilizing both general and specific transcription factors. For this week’s forum,...
Compare and contrast the role of promoters versus enhancers in controlling gene expression by answering the...
Compare and contrast the role of promoters versus enhancers in controlling gene expression by answering the following questions. Are they cis- or trans- acting components of the regulatory machinery? Explain why this label applies to each? Where are they located relative to the transcription start site (TSS) of a gene? What kinds of transcription factors (TFs) does each element bind, and what are the particular TFs’ role in gene expression?
Two genes (B and C) are transcription factors that affect the expression of gene A. The...
Two genes (B and C) are transcription factors that affect the expression of gene A. The protein product of gene B allows gene A to be transcribed while the protein product of gene C doubles the rate of transcription of gene A. How does the expression of gene A differ between two individuals with the following genotypes? Assume lower case alleles produce non-functional proteins and each gene shows complete dominance. Individual 1: AA : BB : Cc Individual 2: AA...
What is the role of the transcription factors? A mutation exists in transcription factors that causes...
What is the role of the transcription factors? A mutation exists in transcription factors that causes them to bind slightly downstream of the TATA box, causing them to cover the first 3 nucleotides of a gene. RNA polymerase can still transcribe the gene to mRNA, but it misses the first 3 nucleotides. How would this impact translation?
1. Describe four factors that can account for the variations in gene expression that we observe...
1. Describe four factors that can account for the variations in gene expression that we observe between individuals. Explain how these factors impact differences in the expression levels of enzymes involved in glucose metabolism across a group of individuals.
The following sentences describe chromatin structure and how altering chromatin structure can affect gene expression. Complete...
The following sentences describe chromatin structure and how altering chromatin structure can affect gene expression. Complete each sentence using the words provided.In some cells, DNA combines with proteins to form a substance calledThe lowest level of chromatin structure consists of DNA wrapped twice around a group of histones to form a(n)The formation of nucleosomes may block the binding of transcription factors and RNA polymerase II to theThe structure of chromatin can be modified by altering either the DNA or the...
Describe how the expression of this gene is regulated. Include the roles of all key players...
Describe how the expression of this gene is regulated. Include
the roles of all key players (GAL3, GAL4, GAL80, Gene promoter, RNA
polymerase, and transcription factors) illustrated.
Understanding regulation of transcription in eukaryotes. The images below depict how the expression of a gene required to break down lactose in yeast is regulated. The top image illustrates the key regulators of the process. The bottom two panels illustrate what happens in the presence and absence of galactose. Describe how the expression...
What is the role of the transcription factors? A mutation exists in transcription factors that causes...
What is the role of the transcription factors? A mutation exists in transcription factors that causes them to bind slightly downstream of the TATA box, causing them to cover the first 3 nucleotides of a gene. RNA polymerase can still transcribe the gene to mRNA, but it misses the first 3 nucleotides. How would this impact translation? RNA is single stranded, and as such, undergoes rapid rates of mutation. How would this affect the ability of siRNAs to combat RNA...
The following sentences describe chromatin structure and how altering chromatin structure can affect gene expression. Complete each sentence using the words provided.In some cells, DNA combines with proteins to form a substance calledThe lowest level of chromatin structure consists of DNA wrapped twice around a group of histones to form a(n)The formation of nucleosomes may block the binding of transcription factors and RNA polymerase II to theThe structure of chromatin can be modified by altering either the DNA or the...
Describe how the expression of this gene is regulated. Include
the roles of all key players (GAL3, GAL4, GAL80, Gene promoter, RNA
polymerase, and transcription factors) illustrated.
Understanding regulation of transcription in eukaryotes. The images below depict how the expression of a gene required to break down lactose in yeast is regulated. The top image illustrates the key regulators of the process. The bottom two panels illustrate what happens in the presence and absence of galactose. Describe how the expression...
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