Question

On the same screen of your iPad, or the same side of a sheet of paper, make side-by-side diagrams of a mitochondrion and a chloroplast. The main point in the diagram is to show where major processes occur relative to membranes. Using fine lines (no fat markers) label the diagrams, clearly and precisely, with the locations of: 1) Each membrane 2) Each space (for example, the intermembrane space, the matrix, ...) 3) The H+ gradients (be clear on where high H+ and low H+ are) 4) Major pathways (any pathway that we covered enough that you need to know what goes in, what comes out, energy yield, and location) 5) The ETCs and photosystems 6) ATP synthases, including in which space the ATP is made → Your goal is to show how mitochondria and chloroplasts are the same and how they are different in a figure.

Be DETAILED and show everything that needs to be labeled and included.

Answer 1

Okay, let us describe a bit and then present the diagrams.

Both organelles have 2 membranes and both of them undergo the electron transport chain in the inner membrane, in the case of mitochondria it is just called inner membrane but in chloroplast it is called thylakoid membrane and the photosystems are embedded in it.

In both of them, the intermembrane space is the one with the highest proton concentration in mitochondria, but in chloroplast this space is called stroma and the highest concentration is not in here but inside the inner membrane that is called lumen. The lumen of the chloroplast is equivalent to the mitochondria matrix, but in the case of mitochondria the matrix has the lower proton concentration.

Mitochondria undergoes Krebs cycle (occurs in matrix) and Electron Transport Chain (occurs in the inner membrane), while chloroplast undergoes photophosphorylation (occurs in the thylakoid membrane) and calvin benson cycle (occurs in stroma).

The mitochondria produces ATP into the matrix, while chloroplast produces ATP into the stroma.

Outer membrane Inner membrane/Thylakoid membrane -Matrix/Lumen- 0001 ATP synthase in inner membrane ATP ATP synthase in thylakoid membrane- ATP projected into matrix ATP projected into stroma ETC in inner membrane Photosystems in thylakoid membrane

This is how the diagram looks. They do very similar/equivalent processes but they are kind of inverted to each other in terms of positions and locations