Question

in diabetes, what are the metalbolic end products? how fast do these processes occur? what is the half life, volume distribution, and clearance of the hormone?

please answer each in details thank you

Answer 1

In diabetes, because of increased blood glucose, there will be a lot of glycated hemoglobins and glycated proteins. Ketogenesis occur and there will be accumulation of acetone, acetoacetate and 3 hydroxybutyrate. These processes occur when diabetes is not adequately treated and blood sugar levels remain elevated for considerably longer duration of time (2-3 months).

The half life of the hormone insulin is about 5 to 6 minutes. The volume of distribution of insulin is approximately equal to that if the extracellular space. The clearance of insulin hormone is mainly by renal mechanisms and it is increased when glomerular filtration rate falls below 40 ml per minute.